Canine Vaccinations

CCGetting the right vaccinations for your dog is easy when you know how. Unfortunately, not all dog owners do. There are many myths and misconceptions regarding vaccinations, and this article will help dispel some of them.

Why vaccinate?

Singapore law requires all imported dogs be vaccinated. However, it is always a good idea to vaccinate your dog, imported or not. Like they say, "better safe than sorry". Getting your dog the right vaccinations could prevent illnesses that could lead to death.

How do vaccinations work?

Pet vaccinations work the same way as human vaccinations. A shot containing a tiny sample of a virus is given to your dog, which stimulates the immune system to create antibodies that combat the virus. For a period of time (called the immunity period), your dog’s immune system will then be able to recognize the virus if exposed to it, and produce the necessary antibodies to prevent your dog from falling sick.

Types of vaccines

There are 2 groups of vaccines: core and noncore. Every dog should receive core vaccines. Noncore vaccines, however, may not be necessary. Whether your dog needs a noncore vaccine depends on several factors, including age, breed and health status. Below is a list of common core and noncore vaccines.

Core vaccines:

- Distemper

- Canine Adenovirus-2 (hepatitis and respiratory disease)

- Canine Parvovirus-2

Noncore vaccines:

- Leptospirosis

- Canine Parainfluenza ("kennel cough")

- Bordetella Bronchiseptica ("kennel cough")

There are also 2 different types of vaccines against the same disease, modified live vaccines (MLVs) which are genetically modified living viruses, and killed viruses (inactive vaccines). MLVs take effect more quickly than killed vaccines, and provide immunity for a longer period. However, they are not suitable for pregnant or sick dogs. Killed vaccines are more stable, but require several shots to be effective and are more likely to cause side effects like fever, hives, facial swelling or vomiting and diarrhea. Before making a decision, ask your vet about the suitability of each type of vaccine for your dog.

Frequency of vaccinations & boosters

Contrary to popular belief, it is not necessary to bring your dog for booster shots or re-vaccinations annually. The length of immunity provided by each vaccine varies, and it is very important to pay attention to each vaccine's effective period. Draw up a chart for your dog's vaccination schedule to help you keep track of when you need to bring your dog for re-vaccination. Bringing your dog for vaccinations too frequently could harm your dog's health and immune system.

The AVA of Singapore does not have a recommended vaccination schedule.