Scabies in Dogs [Sarcoptic mange; “the itch”]
| Scabies is caused by a mite called Sarcoptes scabei, which burrows superficially in the skin. It causes intense itching, inflammation of the skin, progressive hair loss and secondary infections of the skin. |
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| Photo of scabies mite Sarcoptes scabei seen under a microscope |
Scabies is contagious, and can be spread, for example, when a dog comes into direct contact with an affected dog, or by contaminated things such as clothes, bedding etc.
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| Scabies under a microscope |
Historically, treatments mainly consisted of repeated dips and/or other topical treatments containing chemicals such as sulphur or insecticides/acaricides which kill the mites, used at concentrations which do not poison the dog if used correctly. In the past few decades, ivermection has been available to veterinary surgeons and a course of subcutaneous injections of ivermectin is sometimes used to treat scabies in dogs. In most countries, ivermectin injection is not licensed for use in dogs, and in general cannot be used in collies or certain other breeds or individuals. More recently, a topical spot-on formulation of selamectin for use on dogs has become available to veterinary surgeons; this is sold under the registered trade name of Revolution and must be applied according to the instructions.
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| Puppy with scabies |
Summary Notes: Scabies in Dogs
Clinical signs in affected dogs: Intense itching, rash, reddened, crusty skin, and hair loss typically affecting the ear flaps, elbows, ventral abdomen and chest, and legs. If left untreated it can affect the whole dog.
Diagnosis is by demonstration of mites on skin scraping. However, negative scrapings are common in dogs with scabies. Multiple scrapings may be needed, and scabies may be suspected in any dog with characteristic clinical signs even in the absence of a positive scraping.
Transmission between dogs: Close contact with affected animals or environment.
Transmission to humans: Close contact with infected dogs.
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| Stray puppy with mange |
Clinical signs in humans: Itchy, raised rash (papules, pustules or
crusts) in pet-contact areas of skin, usually arms, legs, abdomen or chest. Skin scrapings in humans are frequently negative, so it is important to tell heath care providers about suggestive history. Usually self-limiting.
crusts) in pet-contact areas of skin, usually arms, legs, abdomen or chest. Skin scrapings in humans are frequently negative, so it is important to tell heath care providers about suggestive history. Usually self-limiting.
Prevention of sarcoptic mange: Affected animals and same-species animals that have been in direct contact may be given appropriate treatment. Current treatments include a course of ivermectin injections [ivermectin injection is not licensed for use in dogs and cannot be used in all breeds], or topical spot-on selamectin (Revolution®), at appropriate doses. Other treatments include various dips, sprays, etc to kill mites. The mites do not usually survive for more than a few days under normal indoor conditions, but survival may be increased in cool and humid conditions. In cases involving multiple affected animals or where scabies recurs, treatment of contaminated areas with an environmental flea control product may be considered.
This article gives general information only, and any suspected or affected animal should be examined and treated by a veterinary surgeon.
